This section provides a comprehensive, case-based overview of breast cancer, organized into Introduction, Clinical Presentation, Examination, Investigations, Staging, Surgical Management, and […]
Introduction Benign breast conditions are among the most common reasons women seek medical care, affecting up to 30% of women at
Introduction Breast disease diagnosis relies on a comprehensive approach that combines clinical assessment and imaging techniques to ensure accurate detection and management.
1. Breast Anatomy 2. Neurovascular Anatomy 3. Lymphatic Anatomy Level of Nodes Anatomic Location Level I Lateral to the lateral
Introduction Acute appendicitis occurs when the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine, becomes inflamed. This happens due
Introduction The acute abdomen often involves alterations in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), which can be both a cause and consequence of
In 1992, the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis established criteria for severe pancreatitis. It is characterized by the presence of
Criteria of SIRS Criteria Condition Temperature >38.3°C or <36.0°C Heart Rate >90 beats/minute Respiratory Rate >20 breaths/minute or PaCO₂ <32
The biliary system consists of the bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated vascular structures. Anatomic variations are common, occurring in up
Definition Tissue damage and ulceration caused by prolonged pressure. Also referred to as bed sores, decubitus ulcers, pressure sores, trophic