Dr Basit Ali

Surgical Wounds: A Guide to Classification (The Altemeier System)

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Surgical wounds are classified into four main categories, known as the Altemeier system, to help predict the risk of infection. This classification guides surgical teams in planning procedures, choosing prophylactic antibiotics, and managing patient care. Category 1: Clean Wounds (Class I) This is the lowest risk category, representing a procedure where the surgical site is […]

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Principles of Vascular Anastomosis

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Principles of Vascular Anastomosis—requires precise technique and specific materials to ensure long-term patency and prevent complications. Below are the essential principles surgeons must adhere to. 1. Selection of Suture Material for Vascular Anastomosis The gold standard for vascular repair is Polypropylene. This material is preferred because it is a non-absorbable, monofilament suture. 2. Suture Sizing

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Whole Blood vs. Component Therapy

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While Whole Blood is an effective replacement fluid for acute, massive blood loss because it simultaneously provides volume expansion and restores oxygen-carrying capacity (via red blood cells), its use is now relatively uncommon in standard practice, particularly in the United States. Blood Transfusion The Shift to Component Therapy Current transfusion trends favor separating donated blood

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Contraindications to Thrombolytic Therapy

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Thrombolytic therapy, while effective for certain acute conditions (e.g., STEMI, acute ischemic stroke), carries significant risks of bleeding. Contraindications to thrombolytic therapy are categorized as Absolute, Relative, and Minor. Absolute Contraindications To Thrombolytic Therapy Thrombolytic agents must not be administered in the presence of the following conditions due to high risk of life-threatening hemorrhage: Condition

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Management of Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (HTR)

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Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (HTR) are serious complications resulting from the lysis of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to the release of free hemoglobin. This can cause hypotension, oliguria, hemoglobinuria, and potentially severe renal failure. Prompt and aggressive management is essential. 1. Immediate and Diagnostic Steps Step Action and Rationale Stop Transfusion The first and most

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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol:

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Introduction The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol represents a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach to perioperative care, designed to attenuate surgical stress and accelerate patient recovery (Modrzyk et al., 2020) (Gramlich et al., 2017). These protocols integrate various evidence-based interventions across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases to optimize patient outcomes and reduce complications (Pędziwiatr et al.,

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Peri-operative nutrition

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Introduction Malnutrition has a big effect on surgical outcomes, which means that patients who are malnourished are less likely to be good candidates for surgery. Surgery itself causes physiological stress, which puts the body in a hyper-metabolic state and a catabolic response. This might be bad for people who are already malnourished. The level of

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Surgical Approaches to Appendectomy

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Appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix, is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis. The procedure can be performed via open or laparoscopic techniques, with the choice depending on the patient’s condition, surgeon expertise, and available resources. Below is a detailed overview of both approaches, including historical context, procedural steps, and special considerations. FIGURE 1: Intraoperative appendectomy pictures A:

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