Articles

Introduction The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol represents a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach to perioperative care, designed to attenuate surgical stress and accelerate patient recovery (Modrzyk et al., 2020) (Gramlich et al., 2017). These protocols integrate various evidence-based interventions across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases to optimize patient outcomes and reduce complications (Pędziwiatr et al., […]