Introduction to Regional Intravenous Anaesthesia Regional intravenous anaesthesia (RIVA) is a specialised technique used to numb a limb for surgical procedures. By injecting a local anaesthetic into a vein below a tourniquet, doctors can achieve targeted pain relief without affecting the entire body. This method is particularly useful for hand and wrist surgeries, where precision […]
Introduction to Regional Nerve Blockade Regional nerve blockade is a highly effective and reliable method for providing anesthesia in emergency settings. It is particularly useful for procedures involving the hand and proximal femur, offering targeted pain relief while minimizing systemic side effects. This guide explores common techniques, including the ring block, metacarpal block, ulnar and
Regional Nerve Blockade: Anesthesia for Emergency Procedures Read Post »
Introduction How to Present a Radiograph? Well, Presenting a radiograph clearly and accurately is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. While classification systems and eponymous terms (like “Colles’ fracture”) can quickly describe fractures, a structured approach ensures thoroughness. This guide will walk you through the key steps to describe a radiograph methodically, covering demographics,
How to Present a Radiograph: A Step-by-Step Guide Read Post »
Introduction Bone healing is a remarkable biological process that repairs fractures and restores strength. Whether you’ve suffered a minor crack or a complex break, understanding bone structure and healing phases can help you optimize recovery. This guide covers:✔ Bone anatomy (cortical vs. trabecular bone)✔ Perren’s Strain Theory – why movement affects healing✔ The 4 stages of secondary bone healing✔ Primary vs. secondary healing (and when each occurs)✔ How
Bone Structure And Healing Explained: The 4 Critical Stages Read Post »
Introduction Fracture management is a critical aspect of orthopedic care, ensuring patients regain full function with minimal complications. The process revolves around three core principles: reducing the fracture, stabilizing it, and initiating movement for recovery. This guide breaks down essential steps in fracture management, covering reduction techniques, stability assessment, and rehabilitation timing—helping both medical professionals and patients understand the best practices for optimal healing. 1.
Principles of Fracture Management: Reduce, Hold, Move Read Post »
Introduction to Radiological Assessment Of Fractures Accurate radiological assessment of fractures is essential for proper fracture diagnosis and treatment planning. This guide covers the key imaging modalities—from basic radiographs to advanced MRI—and explains how to optimize their use in clinical practice. The Golden Rule: Radiograph Fundamentals High-quality radiographs are non-negotiable for proper fracture evaluation. Follow the “Rule of Twos” for
Radiological Assessment of Fractures – A Complete Guide Read Post »
Introduction to Fracture Assessment Proper fracture assessment is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment. This guide covers the essential steps—from taking a detailed patient history to performing a thorough physical examination—to help medical professionals identify fractures, assess severity, and determine appropriate management strategies. Step 1: History of Injury Understanding the mechanism of injury is crucial for predicting fracture patterns and associated complications. Key
Fracture Assessment: A Complete Guide For Trainees Read Post »
Introduction to Fracture Classification Systems AO fracture classification system help orthopedic surgeons diagnose, plan treatment, and predict outcomes for bone injuries. While many eponymous systems exist for specific fractures, the AO Foundation (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) developed a universal, alphanumeric classification system—now widely adopted by groups like the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA). This guide explains the AO fracture classification system, covering diaphyseal (shaft) and metaphyseal (joint-related)
Introduction to Fractures A fracture refers to any break in the continuity of a bone. The term encompasses a wide range of injuries—from severe open, comminuted fractures to subtle undisplaced stress fractures. Fractures are classified based on several key characteristics: Fracture Types and Patterns This guide explores different fracture types, their causes, and clinical significance. Fracture Aetiology: Causes of Bone Breaks
ORTHOPAEDIC TERMINOLOGIES – Fracture Types and Patterns Read Post »
Midfoot conditions Anatomy of the Midfoot The midfoot consists of the cuneiforms, cuboid, and their connecting joints, playing a crucial role in foot stability and movement. Read more Ortho Topics Midfoot Arthritis Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Treatment ✅ Non-Surgical Management (First-Line) ⚠️ Surgery (High Risk, Limited Success) Charcot Neuroarthropathy Warning Signs Urgent Management Less Common Midfoot Issues
Midfoot Conditions: Arthritis, Charcot, Tendinopathy & Ganglions Read Post »
