Surgery

Cholelithiasis-management-medical-surgical-options

Effective Management of Cholelithiasis

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Introduction Cholelithiasis, commonly known as gallstones, is a prevalent condition that can lead to severe complications if not managed properly. Effective cholelithiasis management involves immediate stabilization, diagnostic evaluation, medical therapy, and, in many cases, surgical intervention. This guide outlines a structured approach to treating gallstones, ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Initial Stabilization and Assessment 1. Maintain ABCDE Approach […]

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a leg with full casts for fracture management

Full Casts for Fracture Management

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Introduction Full casts are essential for providing circumferential fracture support and ensuring proper bone alignment during healing. Unlike backslabs, they offer three-point moulding, making them ideal for definitive fracture management. However, they are not recommended for acute emergency treatment due to swelling risks. This guide covers the step-by-step application of a wrist cast, key safety checks, and the principles

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types of backslab, u slab, plaster of paris

Backslab: Types, Applications, and Techniques

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Introduction Backslab is a fundamental tool in orthopedic care, providing effective immobilization for fractures and painful injuries. Unlike full circumferential casts, backslabs offer semi-rigid support while allowing room for swelling, making them safer in acute injury management. This guide explores the different types of backslabs, their clinical indications, and detailed application techniques to ensure optimal patient

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laparoscopic surgery techniques

Laparoscopic Techniques: Complications, and Best Practices

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Introduction to Laparoscopic Techniques Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimal access surgery, has significantly transformed modern surgical practices. Derived from the Greek words “laparo” (abdomen) and “scopy” (to examine), laparoscopy enables surgeons to examine and operate on the abdominal cavity with minimal incisions. Thanks to advances in optical technology, surgical instruments, and techniques over the

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nerve injury classification, seddon classification, neurapraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis

Nerve Injury: Types, Anatomy, and Recovery

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Introduction A nerve injury can significantly impact motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, leading to pain, weakness, or paralysis. Understanding the anatomy of peripheral nerves and the Seddon classification (neurapraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis) helps in diagnosing and managing these injuries effectively. Whether caused by trauma, pressure, or laceration, nerve damage varies in severity—some cases heal naturally, while others require surgical intervention. Anatomy of

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hematoma block for fracture pain relief, anesthesia techniques used in orthopedics surgery,

Haematoma Block for Fracture Pain Relief

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Introduction: Haematoma Block Technique Understanding In emergency and orthopaedic environments, a haematoma block is a commonly utilised treatment to alleviate discomfort during fracture manipulation. Targeting the periosteum, it entails injecting a local anaesthetic straight into the fracture haematoma, therefore greatly lowering pain. Treating dorsally inclined distal radius fractures, sometimes referred to as Colles’s fractures, this

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surgical drain removal, timing, principles and protocols

Drain Removal in Surgical Practice: Timing, Principles and Protocols

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Introduction Surgical drains play a crucial role in postoperative care, helping to evacuate fluids, prevent seroma formation, and monitor complications. However, prolonged drain retention can increase infection risks and tissue irritation. This article outlines evidence-based principles for drain removal, covering timing, techniques, and special considerations across various surgical procedures. When Should a Drain Be Removed? A drain

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Principles of gut anastomoses

The Principles of Anastomoses: Techniques and Best Practices

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Introduction Anastomosis is a fundamental surgical technique used to reconnect tubular structures like the bowel or blood vessels after resection or bypass procedures. Derived from the Greek words ana (without) and stoma (mouth), it reflects the joining of two hollow structures. Over time, surgical methods have evolved, from basic exteriorization to advanced stapling techniques. This article explores the key

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Tattooed human hand holding a prosthetic hand in a studio setting, symbolizing connection and technology. a patient with mangled limb who undergoes amputation and applied prosthetic arm post surgery

The Mangled Limb: When Is Early Amputation Necessary?

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Introduction Severe limb trauma, often called a “mangled limb,” presents a critical dilemma: should surgeons attempt limb salvage or opt for early amputation? While saving the limb is ideal, certain situations demand immediate amputation to prioritize survival and long-term function. This article explores the clear indications for amputation, factors influencing the decision, and why scoring systems like the Mangled

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Medical personnel assisting a patient on a stretcher outdoors in a snowy setting. crush injuries rescue

Crush Injuries: Causes, Symptoms, and Emergency Treatment

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What Are Crush Injuries? Crush injuries occur when excessive force or pressure damages soft tissues, muscles, and bones. These injuries can result from traumatic events like building collapses or vehicle accidents, but they may also develop after prolonged immobility, such as from a drug overdose. Even closed injuries can lead to severe complications, making prompt

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