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The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol represents a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach to perioperative care, designed to attenuate surgical stress and accelerate patient recovery (Modrzyk et al., 2020) (Gramlich et al., 2017). These protocols integrate various evidence-based interventions across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases to optimize patient outcomes and reduce complications (Pędziwiatr et al., 2015). Initially applied extensively in major abdominal surgeries, the principles of ERAS protocols have since been adapted and implemented across diverse surgical specialties, including ambulatory settings, demonstrating their broad applicability (Mohamed et al., 2025) (Kaye et al., 2019). The core tenets of ERAS emphasize patient education, rigorous medical optimization, and the minimization of surgical stress responses through standardized care pathways (Huh & Kim, 2021).![]()
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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol:
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IntroductionThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol represents a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach to perioperative care, designed to attenuate su
Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. ❤️![]()
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Suture Removal Timings @surgide_ ![]()
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Surgical Sutures ![]()
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Some children are born with or develop problems that impair the umbilicus, which is an important anatomical feature. It is very important for paediatricians to know the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. In this section we will read details about umbilical abnormalities.![]()
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Acquired Umbilical Abnormalities:![]()
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Acquired conditions usually show up after the umbilical cord been cut off from the body.![]()
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Umbilical Granuloma![]()
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A frequent, non-cancerous growth that happens after the cord is cut. It is marked by a large amount of granulation tissue growing at the base of the umbilical cord.![]()
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Pathology:![]()
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These lesions are made up of fibroblasts and a lot of capillaries. They range in size from 1 mm to about 1 cm and often have a pedunculated shape.![]()
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Management:![]()
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- Cauterisation: The first step in treatment is to use silver nitrate to chemically cauterise the area.![]()
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Umbilical Abnormalities - Clinical Review
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Some children are born with or develop problems that impair the umbilicus, which is an important anatomical feature. It is very important for paediatricians to