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Elective Laparoscopic Splenectomy Procedure
Laparoscopic splenectomy has emerged as the preferred approach for spleen resection in most clinical scenarios,…
Colonic Diverticulitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Colonic diverticulitis is a significant complication of colonic diverticulosis and a key aspect of diverticular…
Acute Appendicitis Management
Introduction Acute appendicitis occurs when the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine,…
Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Introduction The acute abdomen often involves alterations in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), which can be both…
Overview of Stomas: Colostomy and Ileostomy
Introduction to Stomas A stoma is an artificial opening created in the colon (colostomy) or…
Meckel’s Diverticulum:
Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, affecting approximately…
Essential Surgical Skills: Ensuring Patient Safety and Optimal Outcomes
Essential Surgical Skills: Successful surgical outcomes depend on a combination of knowledge, technical skills, and sound…
Key Surgical Signs – List of Surgical Signs:
Thyroid and Parathyroid Signs Marie’s sign: A fine hand tremor can be a sign of…
Malignancy of the Breast: A Case-Based Approach
This section provides a comprehensive, case-based overview of breast cancer, organized into Introduction, Clinical Presentation, Examination,…
Benign Breast Conditions and Tumors
Introduction Benign breast conditions are among the most common reasons women seek medical care, affecting up…
Clinical Assessment and Imaging of Breast Disease
Introduction Breast disease diagnosis relies on a comprehensive approach that combines clinical assessment and imaging techniques to…
Anatomy of the Breast and Axilla
1. Breast Anatomy Location and Structure: The breast lies between the subdermal layer of adipose tissue and…
Acute Appendicitis Management
Introduction Acute appendicitis occurs when the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine,…
Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Introduction The acute abdomen often involves alterations in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), which can be both…
Atlanta Criteria for Acute Pancreatitis
In 1992, the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis established criteria for severe pancreatitis. It is…
SIRS criteria – A Complete Guide For Doctors in 2025
Criteria of SIRS CriteriaConditionTemperature>38.3°C or <36.0°CHeart Rate>90 beats/minuteRespiratory Rate>20 breaths/minute or PaCO₂ <32 mm HgCell…
Anatomy and Physiology of Biliary System
The biliary system consists of the bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated vascular structures. Anatomic variations…
PRESSURE ULCER (BED SORE) TREATMENT
Definition Tissue damage and ulceration caused by prolonged pressure. Also referred to as bed sores,…
Overview of Stomas: Colostomy and Ileostomy
Introduction to Stomas A stoma is an artificial opening created in the colon (colostomy) or…
Meckel’s Diverticulum:
Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, affecting approximately…
CT Severity Index (CTSI) and Modified CTSI
AspectCT Severity Index (CTSI)Modified CT Severity Index (Modified CTSI)DevelopmentDeveloped by Balthazar et al. in 1990.An…
Approach to the Management of Acute Abdomen
Presenting Complaint and History of Presenting Complaint When evaluating a patient with acute abdominal pain(acute…
Anal Fissures: Symptoms, General Measures, and Treatment Options
Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anal canal, often causing significant…
PILONIDAL SINUS
Pilonidal sinus is a condition frequently observed in individuals with significant body hair, particularly males…
HEMORRHOIDS: CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION
Hemorrhoids are a common condition with varying symptoms and treatment options depending on their severity…
Liver Anatomy – Complete Guide For Surgeon in 2025
Liver Segmental Anatomy. Image by NIH Introduction to Comprehensive Overview of Liver Anatomy The liver,…
Surgical Management of Acute and Chronic Wounds
Surgical management of the wound, Picture by NIH Introduction The surgical management of acute and chronic…
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) – Bariatric Surgery
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) is a well-established surgical procedure for weight loss and the…
Wound Healing: Mechanisms, Phases, and Clinical Management
Wound healing is a complex biological process that restores the integrity of injured tissue. While…